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Preventing Spread of Disease on Commercial Aircraft: Guidance for Cabin Crew

ข้อมูลจาก WHO ให้คำแนะนำเกี่ยวกับการป้องกันการติดเชื้อโรคที่สามารถแพร่ระบาดได้ในระหว่างอยู่บนเครื่องบิน แม้ว่าบนเครื่องบินนั้นจะมีระบบกรองอากาศที่มีประสิทธิภาพสูงมากเทียบเท่ากับระบบหมุนเวียนและกรองอากาศภายในโรงพยาบาล เพราะฉะนั้นการที่โรคจะแพร่กระจายเนื่องจากระบบหมุนเวียนอากาศนั้นจึงเป็นเปอร์เซนต์ที่ต่ำ

แต่การติดเชื้อโดยตรงจากสารคัดหลั่งจากการไอ จาม หรือการตกค้างอยู่บนที่นั่งจะมีวิธีการจัดการอย่างไร ไม่ให้ติดเชื้อ WHO ออกคำแนะนำเอาไว้ในกรอบที่ผมระบบพื้นสีฟ้าด้านล่างนี้ ลิ้งค์อ้างอิงอยู่ด้านล่างของโพสต์

Transmission of communicable diseases on aircraft

Research has shown that there is very little risk of any communicable disease being transmitted onboard an aircraft.

The quality of aircraft cabin air is carefully controlled. Ventilation rates provide a total change of air 20–30 times per hour. Most modern aircraft have recirculation systems, which recycle up to 50% of cabin air. The recirculated air is usually passed through HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters, of the type used in hospital operating theatres and intensive care units, which trap dust particles, bacteria, fungi and viruses.

Transmission of infection may occur between passengers who are seated in the same area of an aircraft, usually as a result of the infected individual coughing or sneezing or by touch (direct contact or contact with the same parts of the aircraft cabin and furnishings that other passengers touch). This is no different from any other situation in which people are close to each other, such as on a train or bus or in a theatre. Highly contagious conditions, such as influenza, are more likely to be spread to other passengers in situations where the aircraft ventilation system is not operating. An auxiliary power unit is normally used to provide ventilation when the aircraft is on the ground, before the main engines are started, but occasionally this is not operated for environmental (noise) or technical reasons. In such cases, when associated with a prolonged delay, passengers may be temporarily disembarked.

Transmission of tuberculosis (TB) onboard commercial aircraft during long-haul flights was reported during the 1980s, but no case of active TB disease resulting from exposure onboard has been identified subsequently. Nevertheless, increasing air travel and the emergence of drug-resistant TB require continuing vigilance to avoid the spread of infection during air travel. Further information on TB and air travel may be found in the 2008 edition of the WHO publication Tuberculosis and air travel: guidelines for prevention and control.

During the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, the risk of transmission of the disease in aircraft was found to be very low.

To minimize the risk of passing on infections, travellers who are unwell, particularly if they have a fever, should delay their journey until they have recovered. Individuals with a known active communicable disease should not travel by air. Airlines may deny boarding to passengers who appear to be infected with a communicable disease.

ส่วนด้านล่างนี้เป็นคำแนะนำสำหรับลูกเรือจาก
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services

Preventing Spread of Disease on Commercial Aircraft: Guidance for Cabin Crew

Key points

  • Practice routine handwashing
  • Identify sick and potentially infectious travelers
  • Treat all body fluids (such as diarrhea, vomit, or blood) like they are infectious
  • Wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • Clean and disinfect contaminated areas
  • Dispose waste using recommended procedures

Targeting clean-up in-flight

  • Employees should put on PPE in the UPK before cleaning or disinfecting any area.
  • Take the following actions in areas contaminated with diarrhea, vomit, blood, or other body fluids.
    • For hard (nonporous) surfaces such as tray tables, TV monitors, seat arms, windows, and walls:  remove any visible contamination and clean and disinfect the area with products approved by your company.
    • For soft (porous) surfaces such as carpeted floor or seat cushions: remove as much of the contaminant as possible, cover the area with an absorbent substance, and contain the area as much as possible. Remove the absorbent substance and any remaining material, and then clean and disinfect the area with products approved by your company.

Bagging and disposal

  • Carefully place all contaminated items inside a biohazard bag (or plastic bag labeled “biohazard” if none available). Tie or tape the bag shut securely to avoid leaking. Keep the bag in a secure place until it can be safely collected for disposal.
  • Dispose all waste according to your company policy.
  • For areas not contaminated with diarrhea, vomit, blood, or other body fluids, routine cleaning and disinfection should be performed.

Infection Control Guidance Table

Possible SymptomsIllness Category(examples of possible diseases transmitted)How Infection SpreadsInfection Control Measures(use in addition to general infection control measures)
Coughing, sneezing, fever, rash, or difficulty breathingRespiratory
(e.g., measlestuberculosisinfluenzawhooping cough [pertussis]meningococcal disease and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS])
Via droplets in the air or from contact with contaminated surfacesAsk sick travelers to cover their mouth with a tissue if coughing or sneezing.Offer a facemask for persistent cough, if available, but don’t give masks to travelers who say they are nauseated or vomiting due to risk of choking.
Nausea, stomach pain, vomiting, fever, or diarrheaGastrointestinal
(e.g., norovirus and cholera)
Contact with contaminated surfaces, stool or vomit, or from contaminated food or waterSeat sick travelers with diarrhea or vomiting close to a bathroom, if possible.Restrict the use of that bathroom to only sick traveler(s), if possible. Disinfect, per company policy, if restriction is not possible.Provide air-sickness bags if travelers say they are nauseated or vomiting.
Visible bleeding, whether due to injury or notBloodborne
(e.g., HIVhepatitis B and C, and viral hemorrhagic fevers, including Ebola)
Contact with open cuts, scrapes, or mucous membranes (lining of mouth, eyes, or nose).If sick travelers are actively bleeding, such as from an injury or nosebleed, provide first aid according to your airline’s guidelines.Provide towels, tissues, or other items to absorb blood, if possible.Refer to OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens Fact Sheet pdf icon[ PDF – 2 pages ]external icon for more information. 

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Ref: https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/air/managing-sick-travelers/commercial-aircraft/infection-control-cabin-crew.html

WHO https://www.who.int/ith/mode_of_travel/tcd_aircraft/en/

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